The transition metal thiophosphates MPS_3 (M=Mn, Fe, Ni) are a class of van der Waals stacked insulating antiferromagnets that can be exfoliated down to the ultrathin limit. MnPS_3 is particularly interesting because its Néel ordered state breaks both spatial-inversion and time-reversal symmetries, allowing for a linear magnetoelectric phase that is rare among van der Waals materials. However, it is unknown whether this unique magnetic structure of bulk MnPS_3 remains stable in the ultrathin limit. Using optical second harmonic generation rotational anisotropy, we show that long-range linear magnetoelectric type Néel order in MnPS_3 persists down to at least 5.3&nbsp;nm thickness. However an unusual mirror symmetry breaking develops in ultrathin samples on SiO_2 substrates that is absent in bulk materials, which is likely related to substrate induced strain.We demonstrate three-dimensional trapping of individual Rydberg atoms in holographic optical bottle beam traps. Starting with cold, ground-state ^87Rb atoms held in standard optical tweezers, we excite them to nS_1/2, nP_1/2, or nD_3/2 Rydberg states and transfer them to a hollow trap at 850&nbsp;nm. For principal quantum numbers 60?n?90, the measured trapping time coincides with the Rydberg state lifetime in a 300&nbsp;K environment. We show that these traps are compatible with quantum information and simulation tasks by performing single qubit microwave Rabi flopping, as well as by measuring the interaction-induced, coherent spin-exchange dynamics between two trapped Rydberg atoms separated by 40??μm. These results will find applications in the realization of high-fidelity quantum simulations and quantum logic operations with Rydberg atoms.We introduce a novel method for the simulation of the impact scattering in vibrational scanning transmission electron microscopy electron energy loss spectroscopy simulations. The phonon-loss process is modeled by a combination of molecular dynamics and elastic multislice calculations within a modified frozen phonon approximation. The key idea is thereby to use a so-called δ thermostat in the classical molecular dynamics simulation to generate frequency dependent configurations of the vibrating specimen's atomic structure. The method includes correlated motion of atoms and provides vibrational spectrum images at a cost comparable to standard frozen phonon calculations. We demonstrate good agreement of our method with simulations and experiments for a 15&nbsp;nm flake of hexagonal boron nitride.Experiments and simulations show that when an initially defect-free rigid crystal is subjected to deformation at a constant rate, irreversible plastic flow commences at the so-called yield point. The yield point is a weak function of the deformation rate, which is usually expressed as a power law with an extremely small nonuniversal exponent. We reanalyze a representative set of published data on nanometer sized, mostly defect-free Cu, Ni, and Au crystals in light of a recently proposed theory of yielding based on nucleation of stable stress-free regions inside the metastable rigid solid. The single relation derived here, which is not a power law, explains data covering 15 orders of magnitude in timescales.Artificial neural networks were recently shown to be an efficient representation of highly entangled many-body quantum states. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/camostat-mesilate-foy-305.html In practical applications, neural-network states inherit numerical schemes used in variational Monte&nbsp;Carlo method, most notably the use of Markov-chain Monte&nbsp;Carlo (MCMC) sampling to estimate quantum expectations. The local stochastic sampling in MCMC caps the potential advantages of neural networks in two ways (i)&nbsp;Its intrinsic computational cost sets stringent practical limits on the width and depth of the networks, and therefore limits their expressive capacity; (ii)&nbsp;its difficulty in generating precise and uncorrelated samples can result in estimations of observables that are very far from their true value. Inspired by the state-of-the-art generative models used in machine learning, we propose a specialized neural-network architecture that supports efficient and exact sampling, completely circumventing the need for Markov-chain sampling. We demonstrate our approach for two-dimensional interacting spin models, showcasing the ability to obtain accurate results on larger system sizes than those currently accessible to neural-network quantum states.Quantum sensing exploits the fundamental features of a quantum system to achieve highly efficient measurement of physical quantities. Here, we propose a strategy to realize a single-qubit pseudo-Hermitian sensor from a dilated two-qubit Hermitian system. The pseudo-Hermitian sensor exhibits divergent susceptibility in a dynamical evolution that does not necessarily involve an exceptional point. We demonstrate its potential advantages to overcome noises that cannot be averaged out by repetitive measurements. The proposal is feasible with the state-of-art experimental capability in a variety of qubit systems, and represents a step towards the application of non-Hermitian physics in quantum sensing.We present a study on the impact of a gas atmosphere on the collision of two counterpropagating plasmas (gold and carbon). Imaging optical Thomson scattering data of the plasma collision with and without helium in between have been obtained at the Omega laser facility. Without gas, we observed large scale mixing of colliding gold and carbon ions. Once ambient helium is added, the two plasmas remain separated. The difference in ionic temperature is consistent with a reduction of the maximum Mach number of the flow from M=7 to M=4. It results in a reduction of a factor ?10 of the counterstreaming ion-ion mean free path. By adding a low-density ambient gas, it is possible to control the collision of two high-velocity counterstreaming plasma, transitioning from an interpenetrating regime to a regime in agreement with a hydrodynamic description.We present the experimental realization of a long-lived superfluid flow of a quantum gas rotating in an anharmonic potential, sustained by its own angular momentum. The gas is set into motion by rotating an elliptical deformation of the trap. An evaporation selective in angular momentum yields an acceleration of rotation until the density vanishes at the trap center, resulting in a dynamical ring with ?350? angular momentum per particle. The density profile of the ring corresponds to the one of a quasi two-dimensional superfluid, with a linear velocity reaching Mach 18 and a rotation lasting more than a minute.